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Subject constancy in English texts compared with Czech
POTUŽNÍKOVÁ, Radka
This diploma thesis titled Subject constancy in English texts compared with Czech explores the relative constancy of subject in English complex sentences. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with a chapter about the subject as a clause constituent, then proceeds to define principles which influence word order in English and Czech, and lastly specifies what exactly, according to the Czech linguist Vilém Mathesius, is meant by the subject constancy. The practical part of the thesis focuses on language analysis which should confirm or disprove the theory about English having a much stronger inclination for subject constancy than Czech. The analysis was performed on authentic, stylistically diverse English texts and their equivalents in Czech, which is why the thesis also deals with the quality of translation.
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Contrastive analysis of modifier particles in Czech and in Spanish
TANZEROVÁ, Jaroslava
This thesis deals with the contrastive analysis of modifier particles in Czech and Spanish, with regard to their potential function as focusing adverbs. It's focused on the words and expressions, which are used in texts translated from Czech to Spanish to express the meaning of Czech modifier particles. The work consists of two main parts. In the theoretical part of the thesis, there are presented different types of word classes. These words and expressions are classified into these different word classes according to different Czech and Spanish grammar books. Another part of this thesis deals with the topic of Functional sentence perspective and the focusing particles from the perspective of both Czech and Spanish linguists. The analytical part is focused on the contrastive analysis of texts translated from Czech to Spanish, in which there was used the Czech modifier particle in the original text. This contrastive analysis is base on the data obtained from the parallel corpus InterCorp.
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"Be/have", "have/be" as equivalents of Czech "být/mít"; and "být/mít", "mít/být" as equivalents of English "be/have" in parallel texts: a comparison of the semantic and information structure of divergents counterparts.
Procházková, Ilona ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
This diploma thesis examines translation counterparts of the English verbs be and have and the Czech verbs být and mít. It focuses on instances with a divergent translation counterpart, i.e. instances in which be corresponds to mít and have corresponds to být in the English-Czech direction, and instances of být being reflected as have and mít as be in the Czech - English direction. The aim of the paper is to determine to what extent divergent verb counterparts are used in the translation, whether the target language has available alternatives with a verb counterpart identical with the original, and what are the motivating factors that influence the choice of a divergent verb counterpart. Another objective is to examine the changes in the syntactic and semantic structure connected with the use of a divergent verb counterpart, and to assess their impact on the functional sentence perspective. The research used material from the parallel Intercorp. A total of 164 examples with a divergent verb counterpart was excerpted and the research was divided into four parts, according to the source language and the verb. The use of divergent verb counterparts was explained mostly by a lexical gap in the target language, or by semantic and stylistic factors and to a smaller extent also by the influence of the...
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Rhematic subjects in written English: regular preverbal position vs. focusing by it-cleft
Kudrnová, Anna ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The thesis aims to describe and compare the use of two English syntactic structures: sentences with a rhematic subject in the preverbal position and it-clefts with focused subject. It does so from the viewpoint of functional sentence perspective as conceived and elaborated by the members of the Prague Linguistic School and their Brno School followers. The main goal of the thesis is to determine whether the constructions are mutually exclusive or whether they can be under certain circumstances interchangeable. For the purposes of the analysis, 200 example sentences were collected from contemporary fiction, i.e. 100 for each construction. Subsequently, their relevant features were examined, especially those concerning dynamic semantic scales and realization form of the subjects; these aspects were expected to differ. The analysis has shown that each of the constructions has rather specific uses and they overlap only rarely, in sentences in which the two basic dynamic semantic scales, the Presentation Scale and the Quality Scale, intersect.
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The position of scene-setting adverbials in English and Czech. A comparison on the basis of parallel texts
Kunstová, Adéla ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
The subject of the presented paper is the analysis of the position of scene-setting adverbials based on parallel texts. The aim of the study is to find out the most typical position for placing of such adverbials realized by verbless construction and to determine the factors influencing the position in both languages with respect to differences between the Czech and English word order. The theory is based on the functional approach described in Brno linguistic school and is applied to 200 examples from the corpus Intercorp. Out of the given number of examples, exactly one hundred tokens belong to the translation direction from En to Cz and the second half to the opposite direction of translation. With respect to the English word order, which takes over some of the grammatical functions resulting in relative rigidity, scene-setting adverbials are usually placed in the final position. However, it is assumed that most languages have a tendency to place the most important information to the end of the sentence. It follows that one of the goals of this work is to describe the factors allowing these adverbials to be placed in this position with no effect on the communicative dynamism of the adverbials themselves as well as on other sentence elements. The term 'scene-setting' suggests that these adverbials...
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The Terrible Twos: A translation and stylistic analysis of a passage of Ishmael Reed's novel
Šerých, Hedvika ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first is comprised of a side-by-side translation of five selected chapters from the novel The Terrible Twos from the English to the Czech language. The second, theoretical part is formed by a stylistic analysis of this translation. This part is further divided into multiple sections dealing with the morphological, lexical and the syntactical level of the two languages. The most developed level of these three is the lexical one since it was the most challenging issue that had to be dealt with. Both Czech and English source books formed the basis for the theoretical part. The authors of the prominent publications were for instance Dagmar Knittlová, Jiří Levý, and Peter Newmark.
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Functional Sentence Perspective Articulation in Czech and Japanese
Černáčková, Júlia ; Kanasugi, Petra (advisor) ; Tirala, Martin (referee)
Júlia Černáčková, Vyjadrenie aktuálneho členenia vety v češtine a v japončine Abstract (in English): The aim of the present thesis is to investigate the differences between the articulation of functional sentence perspective in selected Czech and Japanese texts. Examined fields are the following: linear modification, semantic and contextual factors and the use of thematizers and rhematizers. Using four texts- two original texts and their translations- the main differences in the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese are defined. The first, theoretical part of the thesis presents the basic concepts of the theory of functional sentence perspective and their practical application in the Japanese language. The theoretical background of the present thesis is based mainly on the publication Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication by Jan Firbas, but other works related to this area are used and quoted as well. In the second, practical part, comparisons of the results concerning the functional sentence perspective articulation in Czech and Japanese obtained from the analysed texts are presented. Analysed are the distinctions in the functional sentence perspective articulation in thematic, transitional and rhematic layer of the texts and the main differences...
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Clark Ashton Smith short stories - translation and stylistic analysis
Poncar, Lukáš ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Pípalová, Renata (referee)
This bachelor thesis contains a translation of two short stories written by the american author of the 20th century Clark Ashton Smith. It consists of a practical and a theoretical part. The practical part is a side by side translation. It is preceeded by a short introduction to the theory of translation and a short characteristic of the source text. The theoretical part contains grammatical and lexical analysis of the translation. Using selected passages from the translation, this part discusses various problems that arised during the translation and translational strategies used to overcome them. Key words: translation, stylistics, grammatical and lexical analysis, Clark Ashton Smith, Abominations of Yondo, The Maker of Gargoyles, weird fiction, functional sentence perspective
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The Terrible Twos: A translation and stylistic analysis of a passage of Ishmael Reed's novel
Šerých, Hedvika ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Chalupský, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis consists of two parts. The first is comprised of a side-by-side translation of five selected chapters from the novel The Terrible Twos from the English to the Czech language. The second, theoretical part is formed by a stylistic analysis of this translation. This part is further divided into multiple sections dealing with the morphological, lexical and the syntactical level of the two languages. The most developed level of these three is the lexical one since it was the most challenging issue that had to be dealt with. Both Czech and English source books formed the basis for the theoretical part. The authors of the prominent publications were for instance Dagmar Knittlová, Jiří Levý, and Peter Newmark.
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